Parallel Study of Medodhara Kala and Abdominal Adipose Tissue with Special Reference to Sthoulya (Obesity)

Obesity which is neuroendocrine disorder seems to be common predisposing factor for almost all non-communicable diseases. This neuroendocrine disturbance causes multiple systemic disorders and finally Ayurhasa (reduction in longevity of life) by various means. Ayurveda mentioned eight pathophysiological conditions considered as Nindya (worse conditions). Atisthool (excessive weight) is one of these conditions due to improper Aahara (dietary habits), Vihar (sedentary life style) and changed sleep pattern. Apachita meda (improperly metabolized fat) deposited in Udara (abdomen). Medodharakala according to Ayurveda and abdominal linings bear several similar characteristics related to fat and Medodhatu deposition. Deterioration of functioning of Medodhara kala leads to deposition of Apachita meda leading to Sthoulya. In obesity, abdominal wall, space between organs stores much amount of adipose tissue (site of Meda deposition). So this article reveals with parallel study of Medodhara kala and abdominal adipose tissue to find out similarity.

Urinary uric acid or urinary creatinine ratio as a non-invasive marker for perinatal asphyxia

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is amongst the common problem of neonates and there exists a significant contribution to the neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is observed as a common and a vital cause of the preventable cerebral injury. The prediction of the perinatal asphyxial outcome is very important but dreadful. There is a limited role for APGAR score to predict the immediate outcome, like HIE and the long-term neurological sequelae observational error may happen in APGAR. But the biochemical parameters can truly be relied upon. This study was done to assess urinary uric acid/urinary creatinine ratio (UA/Cr) as a non-invasive marker for perinatal asphyxia and co-relate its absolute value to the degree of the perinatal asphyxia.Methods: In this prospective case control study conducted in the Pediatrics Department of Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences between Nov 2017 to May 2019, 42 asphyxiated and 42 non-asphyxiated newborns were included. Detailed history and assessment were for all the enrolled newborns. Spot urine samples were sent for the uric acid and creatinine estimation. Results were documented, and statistical analysis was performed.Results: Urinary uric acid to creatinine ratio used as additional non-invasive, early and easy biochemical marker of the birth asphyxia that biochemically supports severity grading and clinical diagnosis of the asphyxia by APGAR score.Conclusions: The ratio of the urinary uric acid and creatinine enables rapid and early recognition of asphyxial injury and also the evaluation of its severity and potential for short-term morbidity or death.

Peripheral cytopenia in children: a hospital-based study

Background: Peripheral cytopenia with its ramifications as pancytopenia and bicytopenia is a common hematological phenomenon in children. Its etiology ranging from benign self-limiting illness to severe life-threatening conditions decide the management and prognosis in these children. This study aims to describe the clinical, haematological and etiological profile of peripheral blood cytopenia in children of Rohilkhand region.Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study conducted in the Pediatric ward of a teaching hospital over a period of 30 months. All children between age 6 months to 14 years with bicytopenia and pancytopenia on hemogram were included. Detailed history, clinical examination, haematological tests followed by bone marrow aspiration wherever indicated was performed. Additional tests like parasitological and sepsis work up was undertaken on case to case basis, to ascertain the cause of cytopenia.Results: Bicytopenia was more common than pancytopenia (61.2% vs. 38.8%) The most common age group observed was 10-14 years. Normocytic normochromic blood picture was seen in all cases of cytopenia while macrocytic normochromic blood picture had statistically significant association with pancytopenia. Fever was the commonest symptom, while pallor was the commonest sign followed by hepatosplenomegaly. Most common etiology in bicytopenia was infective (68%) while pancytopenia reported equal incidence of infective (50%) and non-infective causes. Malaria was the commonest infective cause of bicytopenia (46.3%) and pancytopenia (27%). Children with bicytopenia had higher incidence of malignancy (22% vs. 7.7%) and lesser incidence of nutritional causes (7.3% vs. 27%), and aplastic anemia (2.4% vs. 15.4%) as compared to pancytopenia.Conclusions: Clinical assessment coupled with haematological tests plays a pivotal role in ascertaining the cause of cytopenia in children. As the etiologies are varied, their knowledge and distribution unique to a particular region may help in better management and outcome.

Effect of different methods of pasteurization on bactericidal action of human milk: A prospective observational study

Background & objectives: Pasteurization involves not only inactivation of pathogens, but also loss of immunological functions and bactericidal action of human milk. Hence, this study was aimed to explore the stability of such bactericidal action after subjecting human milk samples to thermal pasteurization under different condition of time and temperature. Methods: In this observational study 48 human milk samples were analyzed over a period of three months. The effect of holder and flash methods of pasteurization on bactericidal action against Escherichia coli was evaluated compared to the control sample before and after 72 h of storage at ?18癈. Results: Both holder and flash methods of pasteurization showed significant reduction in the E. coli growth to 46.4 and 25.5 per cent, respectively, after 24 h of incubation (P <0.001). The bactericidal activity was significantly more in samples subjected to holder method compared to flash method before and after 72 h of storage (46.41�.38 vs. 25.50�.74, P <0.001 and 42.27�.38 vs. 18.33�.55, P <0.001). Interpretation & conclusions: Our results showed that the bactericidal activity of human milk was better preserved by the holder method of pasteurization. Further well-powered and well-designed randomized trials are needed to confirm the findings.

Evaluation of Change in Dento-Skeletal Vertical Dimensions using Two Retraction Methods: A Comparative Study

Introduction: The goal of Orthodontic treatment is toimprove the patient’s life through enhancement of Dentofacialfunctions and esthetics. Paradigms have started to shift inOrthodontic world since the introduction of mini-implantsin the anchorage armamentarium. So the present study wasundertaken to analyse and compare the amount of Intrusionin maxillary anterior teeth segment using one and twominiscrews, while paying an utmost attention to patientscomfort and esthetics during the treatment.Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 20 subjectswith deep overbite and complete root formation with increasedincisor show. Lateral cephlogram and P.A Cephalogram wererecorded before placement of implant. Sample was furtherdivided in to two groups, Group I (Implant group one implantis placed between maxillary central incisors and two implantsplaced between second premolar and first molar) and GroupII (Implant Group with Power arms, one implant is placedbetween maxillary central incisor and power arms fabricatedon first molar bilaterally). Clinical evaluation of intrusion wasrecorded on every six weeks.Results: The mean intrusion achieved is 0.28mm per 6weeks interval of time in both groups suggesting there is nodifference in amount of intrusion achieved in both groups withp value of 0.697 which is statistically non-significant. Changein Frankfort mandibular plane angle was observed with GroupI and Group II.Conclusion: On the base of study it was concluded thatimplant and power arm is better choice for intrusion inmaxillary anterior segment for correction of deep overbite andcorrection of gummy smile with minimal effect on posteriorsegment

Primary extragastrointestinal stromal tumors: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study-A tertiary care center experience.

Background: Extra gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGIST) are uncommon compared to their gastrointestinal counterparts. EGISTs involve omentum, mesentery, retroperitoneum, pancreas, and pelvis. Materials and Methods: Ten EGISTs were analyzed in this study from January 1995 to November 2011. They were analyzed with respect to clinical features, imageological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings. The immunohistochemical stains used were Smooth muscle actin (SMA), Desmin, S-100 protein, CD34 and CD-117. Results: There was slight female preponderance with wide age range. Four of the tumors were in retroperitoneum, three in mesentery, and two in omentum and one in pelvis. Histopathologically majority were spindle cell tumors. Immunohistochemically CD117 was consistently positive followed by CD34. Smooth muscle actin was positive in eight cases, S-100 protein and desmin were positive in two cases each. Conclusion: EGISTs are rare and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the mesenchymal tumors and immunohistochemistry helps to confirm the diagnosis. Further study with better follow-up is desired to characterize these uncommon tumors.

Tumour of Interosseous Membrane Forearm.

25-year old female presented with swelling on dorsal aspect of proximal third of forearm with difficulty in supination and pronation. Swelling was excised and sent for histopathological examination. Biopsy report showed as - benign spindle cell tumour favouring fibromatosis. Extra adbominal fibromatosis from interosseous membrane of forearm is a rare presentation. Conclusion : Athough it is rare entity differential diagnosis should be kept in mind if there is swelling in proximal third of forearm presented with restriction of supination and pronation. Because these tumours are locally aggressive, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to minimize morbidity.

Studies on potassium chloride based –controlled release fertilizer made from sand– cement matrix coated with napthalene.

Sand matrix based KCl controlled release fertilizer is made and tested. The parameters of the study are initial fraction of KCl, fractional binder, Fractional inert, Diameter of the pellet and Particle size of the sand. The release of fertilizer from the pellet depended on the compositional parameters of the study. Based on Fick`s second law, a model was developed for the sand matrix fertilizers with napthalene coating. Simulated data from the model was agreeing well with experimental values. The developed equations are as follows:

Study of psychological morbidity & coping mechanisms in family members of persons with mental illnesses

Background: The psychological morbidity of family members of mentally ill is generally overlooked. This studyfocuses on the psychological morbidity in family members.Aim : To study psychological morbidity and coping mechanisms used by the family members of mentally ill admittedin psychiatric hospital.Methods: A sample of 45 family members of mentally ill admitted in The Institute of Mental Health, Hyderabad wastaken. Severity of illness in patients and psychological morbidity and coping mechanisms used by the family memberswere assessed.Results : There is no significant psychological morbidity among the family membersConclusions Acceptance is the most common coping mechanism used by family members of persons with mental illness.

Science Regarding Dental Unit Water Lines (DUWL): A Review.

Water is used as a Coolant and irrigant for various dental procedures. This water that flows through the Dental Unit Water Line (DUWL) should be free of contamination. The microorganisms contaminating the dental unit supplies is different from those which contaminate the drinking water. This article reviews the different provisions to be made in the water pipeline systems to prevent contamination.

Accuracy Of A New Apex Locator Apex NRG Blue-- An Invitro Study.

The purpose of this study was to test in an in-vitro model the accuracy of a new multi frequency third generation apex locator Apex NRG blue both in dry and various wet environments. 60 extracted teeth were taken. The teeth were divided into 6 groups of 10 each. The actual length of the root canal of each tooth was determined and then the teeth were embedded in an alginate model. The radiographic working length was determined and later the electronic working length was taken using different irrigating solutions, (3%H2O2, 3%Naocl, 0.2% chlorhexidine, normal saline and 17%EDTA). The results were compared and sent for statistical analysis. This study showed that the new multi frequency electronic apex locator NRG blue is quiet reliable in determining the root canal length both in dry as well as in wet environment.

Anti-hyperglycaemic activity of IND 01 and its interaction with glyburide and pioglitazone in alloxan induced diabetic mice

The antihyperglycaemic activity of IND 01 and its interaction with glyburide and pioglitazone on serum glucose, body weight and oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] was determined in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. IND 01 [100 mg/kg], glyburide [10 mg/kg], pioglitzone [10 mg/kg] and their concomitant administration were administered orally in alloxan [80 mg/kg, i.v.] induced diabetic mice. The study design consisted of estimation of serum glucose after acute, subacute and glucose load administration. Administration of IND 01 [100 mg/kg] alone significantly [p<0.001] reduced serum glucose level at 6 h after administration. The antihyperglycaemic effect of glyburide and their concomitant administration of IND 01 with glyburide were similar, that is, onset was 2 h; peak effect was 6 h but the effect waned at 24 h. The onset of concomitant administration of IND 01 with pioglitazone was 4 h; peak effect was at 6 h but the effect waned at 24 h. In the subacute study, reduction in serum glucose was observed on 28[th] day after withdrawal for 7 days. The effects of concomitant administration were more pronounced than single drug treatment. In mice treated with either IND 01 [100 mg/kg], glyburide, pioglitazone alone or their combination, the body weight was not reduced in contrast to that in the control group. In the oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], increased glucose utilization was observed in animals after concomitant administration of IND 01 [100 mg/kg] and glyburide [10 mg/kg] as well as IND 01 [100 mg/kg] and pioglitazone [10 mg/kg]. The concomitant administration of IND 01 with glyburide as well as pioglitzone produced synergistic antihyperglycaemic effect than either drug alone

Fine needle aspiration cytology in leprosy.

BACKGROUND: Laboratory diagnosis of leprosy by slit skin smear and skin biopsy is simple but both techniques have their own limitations. Slit skin smear is negative in paucibacillary cases whereas skin biopsy is an invasive technique. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from skin lesions in leprosy with subsequent staining with May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) stain has been found useful. AIM: To evaluate the possible role of cytology in classifying leprosy patients. METHODS: Seventy-five untreated cases of leprosy attending the outpatient department were evaluated. Smears were taken from their skin lesions and stained using the MGG technique. Skin biopsy was also done from the lesions, which was compared with cytology smears. RESULTS: A correlation of clinical features with FNAC was noticed in 87.5% of TT, 92.1% of BT, 81% of BL, and 66% of LL cases. Correlation of clinical with histopathological diagnoses revealed 12.5% specificity in TT leprosy, 55.3% in BT, 52.4% in BL and 50% in LL, and 100% in neuritic and histoid leprosy cases. Both correlations were found to be statistically significant by paired t test analysis. Thus, it was possible to distinguish the tuberculoid types by the presence of epithelioid cells and the lepromatous types by the presence of lymphocytes and foamy macrophages. CONCLUSION: FNAC may be used to categorize the patients into paucibacillary and multibacillary types, but is not a very sensitive tool to classify the patients across the Ridley-Jopling spectrum.

Universal acquired melanosis (Carbon baby).

We report a 3-year-old girl born with fair complexion which became darker. The color change was insidious in onset at the age of 5 months, asymptomatic and progressive involving the entire body surface. Histopathology revealed increased pigmentation of the epidermal basal layer. Universal acquired melanosis is a rare form of hypermelanosis which was synonymously referred to as "Carbon baby". This is a rare presentation with only one earlier case report.

Unilateral palatal palsy with viral hepatitis.

Isolated unilateral palatal (velopalatopharyngeal) palsy is a clinical rarity. This usually presents in a child as acute onset rhinolalia, unilateral absent palatal reflex and pharyngeal asymmetry with a benign self-resolving course. Etiology remains controversial. We report association of this entity in a male child with viral hepatitis A.

Adsorption studies on wastewaters from cypermethrin manufacturing process using activated coconut shell carbon.

Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid pesticide and is used in the control of a wide range of insects on crops like vegetables, cereals, maize etc. In the present study, the adsorption efficiency of coconut shell based activated carbon for the removal of color and organic matter from cypermethrin pesticide manufacturing industrial wastewater was investigated. Effect of carbon dosage, pH and contact time on the removal of COD was also studied. Equilibrium and kinetic studies were carried out and the data was fitted in Freundlich and Langmuir models. The study proved that activated coconut shell carbon (acc) is an efficient adsorbent for treatment of cypermethrin industrial wastewaters under study.

Exploring conformational space using a mean field technique with MOLS sampling.

The computational identification of all the low energy structures of a peptide given only its sequence is not an easy task even for small peptides,due to the multiple-minima problem and combinatorial explosion. We have developed an algorithm, called the MOLS technique,that addresses this problem, and have applied it to a number of different aspects of the study of peptide and protein structure. Conformational studies of oligopeptides, including loop sequences in proteins have been carried out using this technique. In general the calculations identified all the folds determined by previous studies,and in addition picked up other energetically favorable structures. The method was also used to map the energy surface of the peptides. In another application, we have combined the MOLS technique, using it to generate a library of low energy structures of an oligopeptide, with a genetic algorithm to predict protein structures. The method has also been applied to explore the conformational space of loops in protein structures.Further, it has been applied to the problem of docking a ligand in its receptor site, with encouraging results.

A clinical study of psoriatic arthropathy.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of uncomplicated psoriasis is 1-3% in the general population. Arthritis is found in increased frequency in psoriatic patients and its incidence is estimated to be 5-7%. AIM: To assess the prevalence of arthritis in psoriatic patients. METHODS: Four hundred and seventy-two psoriatic patients were enrolled in the study out of which 40 patients had (psoriatic) arthropathy (PsA). Severity of psoriasis was assessed by the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). Routine blood investigations were carried out along with radiological investigations. RESULTS: Forty percent of the 40 PsA patients were in the age group of 51-60 years. Seven patients out of the 40 (17.5%) psoriatic arthropathic (PsA) patients had a family history of psoriasis. Nail involvement was observed in 37 cases (92.5%). Rheumatoid factor was present in five out of the 40 (12.5%) PsA patients. Serum uric acid levels were above normal in eighteen out of the 40 (45%) PsA patients. Asymmetric oligoarthropathy was the most commonly observed feature in 42.5% of the 40 PsA patients. Narrowing of joint spaces and erosions were observed in 62.5% and 45% of the 40 PsA patients. CONCLUSION: There is an association between the duration of skin lesions and duration of arthropathy. Similarly the PASI score is also directly related with arthropathy.